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Psychotic symptoms were measured using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) subscales of suspiciousness, unusual thoughts, and hallucinations applied to the past month. Cannabis measures included number of days used cannabis in the past month (frequency), and Severity of Dependence Scale score in the past month (dependence). Participants were interviewed soon after treatment entry regarding their cannabis use and psychotic symptoms in the month prior to treatment. Participants in the study were individuals entering drug treatment (residential rehabilitation, detoxification or counselling) with methamphetamine as a primary or secondary drug of concern. This study utilised baseline data collected as part of the Methamphetamine Treatment Evaluation Study (MATES), a large-scale ongoing longitudinal study of treatment outcomes for methamphetamine dependence. The relationship between cannabis use and psychosis would be attenuated by controlling for other drug use, demographics and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, or Bipolar Affective Disorder) The relationship between cannabis use and psychosis would be more pronounced among people with a history of a chronic psychotic disorder (i.e. Based on previous evidence, it was expected that:Ĭannabis use would be associated with a small to moderate dose-response increase in psychotic symptoms among methamphetamine treatment entrants Further analyses were undertaken to determine whether any relationship between cannabis use and psychotic symptoms could be better accounted for by concurrent methamphetamine or other drug use, demographic factors or comorbid psychiatric conditions. The study utilised baseline data from the Methamphetamine Treatment Evaluation Study (MATES) to determine whether symptoms of psychosis in the month prior to treatment entry were related to the frequency of cannabis use or the severity of cannabis dependence during this time. The current study aimed to examine whether cannabis use was associated with a higher prevalence of clinically significant psychotic symptoms among methamphetamine treatment entrants. High levels of cannabis use among methamphetamine users may also contribute to their risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms: there is growing evidence that cannabis may increase the risk of psychotic symptoms, particularly among people who are vulnerable to psychosis. Methamphetamine users are at a high risk of psychosis due to the drug’s psychosis-inducing action and the higher prevalence of chronic psychotic illnesses among this group compared with the general population.